In the Metaverse virtual space, the host and display industry experts from Germany, Switzerland, the United States, France, the Netherlands and other countries transformed into vivid virtual images and talked about the cutting-edge technology trends and latest research results of the display industry around technical topics such as Mini/Micro LED, AR/VR, and light field display. Recently, a unique display technology seminar was officially launched - as part of the 2022 World Display Industry Conference, the overseas cloud forum hosted by the International Society for Information Display China (SID China) was held in the Metaverse virtual space. The Metaverse virtual conference space has shortened the distance between international speakers and attendees, and also allowed online viewers to feel the charm of the Metaverse conference model. The innovative holding of this forum further illustrates the rapid development and integrated application of new generation information technologies such as 5G, AI, Internet of Things, big data, VR/AR, etc., and promotes the innovation and industrialization of new display technologies.
Light field display: improving the immersive experience of VR/AR devices
In recent years, Metaverse, as an integrated innovation and integration application that integrates the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and other technologies, has developed rapidly. Meta, Microsoft, Sony, Samsung and other technology giants have rushed to sign up for the new track and sell related VR/AR terminal products. The rise of the metaverse industry has also promoted the advancement of light field display (holographic) and VR/AR near-eye display technologies.
It is understood that light field display is to display light in all directions of the optical scene, including light emitted from various distances, so it is also called holographic display.
CREAL CEO Tomas Sluka believes that naked-eye 3D display vision achieved by light field display is expected to become the next generation of display technology. Sluka believes that the difficulty in implementing this technology lies in achieving the distance depth only through the naked eye. CREAL's solution is to project a series of narrow aperture images through an array of viewpoints in the pupil. Each of these array viewpoints can provide an image that is always in focus. All of these viewpoints together also represent the 3D scene in front of the observer on the retina. This is enough to provide all uses of depth of focus, even visual parallax. Sluka said that the light field display system developed by the CREAL team provides a very good balance between resolution and number of viewpoints. At present, the light field technology it developed has also been applied in VR headsets. CREAL has released a forehead display that has a light field with a 30° field of view and a peripheral image of more than 100° field of view, which can help users obtain better visual images.
Currently, most VR/AR headsets on the market only support vergence but not adjustment, which means the image is fixed at a fixed focus depth. If the VR/AR device is equipped with a light field display, the user's eyes can focus at any depth in the VR/AR head-mounted display scene, just like looking at a real-world scene. Based on this, light field display has become a new technology competition point for enterprises to compete for.
Internationally, CREAL launched its AR and VR head-mounted display prototypes based on the company's light field display for the first time in January this year, optimizing the virtual display scene. Domestically, in September this year, TCL Huaxing announced that it had produced the world's first 32-inch 8K floating touch light field display and the world's first 32-inch 8K large-viewing multi-person viewing light field display. It is understood that TCL Huaxing light field display provides "monocular stereoscopic vision" information to the brain by realizing "continuous motion parallax", "monocular stereoscopic image adjustment" and other functions, which can simulate the real visual effects of the human eye, thereby alleviating the problem of "motion sickness".
Micro LED: Key technologies in each link are accelerating industrialization
Micro LED is considered to be the third generation of new display technology. Compared with the traditional first generation LCD and second generation OLED displays, it has many advantages such as high resolution, high brightness, high contrast, high color saturation, low power consumption, fast response speed, thin thickness, and long life. It is one of the new display technologies with the most development potential.
Ioannis John Kymissis, Dean of the School of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University, introduced the physical characteristics of Micro LED to the participants. He said that LEDs have very high peak brightness, excellent color reproduction and very high luminous efficiency, so they are widely used in consumer electronics display screens and billboards. It is worth mentioning that LED is the most efficient and controllable light source manufactured by humans, and its luminous efficiency is very close to the thermodynamic limit - the luminous efficiency of commercial display equipment can even exceed 50%, which means that for every 1 watt input into an LED product, it will convert this 1 watt into more than 50% light. In addition, the life of LED can exceed 50,000 hours, and the brightness can reach tens of millions of nits... It can be said that LED is a display technology field that is worth studying.
The industrialization process of Micro LED requires the cooperation of enterprises, universities, and scientific research institutes in all aspects of the industry chain to break through key process technologies and promote product applications to achieve rapid development of the industry. At present, relevant companies are increasing the layout of the entire Micro LED industry chain. Chip, packaging, panel, terminal, glass and other manufacturers are all advancing towards Micro LED.
Rajesh Vaddi, a senior scientist at Corning R&D Department, first affirmed the broad application scenarios of Micro LED displays in the future. He said that Corning's glass substrate product portfolio can meet the needs of LCD technology and emerging technologies such as Micro LED and Mini LED. As an upstream company in the industry chain, Corning's glass substrate portfolio can solve some of the complex challenges of Micro LED display integration. For example, Corning can achieve the goal of active matrix splicing or zero-frame display through the integration of metallized through holes and TFTs, and also realize potential application experiments of Micro LED and other display electronic backplanes.
Micro LED is still in the early stages of development, and how to industrialize it is a difficult problem facing the global Micro LED industry. “If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.” In the display field, production equipment determines product quality, performance, and yield, and is directly linked to cost. In terms of production equipment and testing methods, the guests also shared the latest progress and achievements of their teams.
KLA Senior Chief Scientist John Robinson pointed out that the small size of Micro LED can easily accommodate sensors, cameras, antennas and other types of equipment, and its application scenarios are very broad. However, its cost and manufacturing capacity are key challenges in the commercialization process of Micro LED. Robinson introduced the possibility of mass production improvements in three aspects: epitaxy and Micro LED yield, backplane yield, and mass transfer and bonding rate. For the above three methods of improving Micro LED mass production efficiency, KLA can provide detection optimization solutions. For example, in terms of improving backplane yield, KLA has the Flare bp inspection tool for Micro LED backplane production, which has multi-modal imaging technology and can quickly switch between light sources with different wavelengths or angle changes to improve defect detection and classification. In terms of mass transfer and bonding rate, since high-precision LED placement machines require mechanical and electrical bonding, product brightness, uniformity, color uniformity, and defect management of redundancy and repair are all keys to successful production. KLA targets Mc ro LED mass transfer production process can provide Flare MT detection and measurement tools, which can provide more accurate predictions for bonding success and provide instant feedback information for mass transfer.
The improvement in production yield will accelerate the industrialization process of Micro LED. The industry predicts that Micro LED is expected to achieve large-scale commercialization in 2024, and China is expected to hit a market size of 80 billion yuan. With the continuous advancement and improvement of Micro LED production technology and production equipment, the threshold for new companies to enter related industries will also be significantly lowered.
Yole Intelligence Display Business General Manager Eric H. Virey introduced the current status of Micro LED mass transfer processes and production equipment. He pointed out that although the development speed of the Micro LED industry has slowed down in recent years, the current industry development has entered a more virtuous cycle. Eric also said that the current problem of mass transfer that plagues Micro LED mass production has not been completely solved. However, the yield improvement technology and equipment and process improvement methods that have emerged in the past few years have improved the yield of mass transfer, making this production link no longer a huge obstacle to Micro LED mass production. Existing technology and production equipment have significantly lowered the technical threshold for display companies to enter the Micro LED market, and will objectively speed up the implementation of Micro LED industrialization.
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